Karatzias, Thanos and Hyland, Philip and Bradley, Aoife and Cloitre, Marylene and Roberts, Neil P. and Bisson, Jonathan I. and Shevlin, Mark (2019) Risk factors and comorbidity of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD: Findings from a trauma-exposed population based sample of adults in the United Kingdom. Depression and Anxiety, 36. pp. 887-894. ISSN 1520-6394

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Abstract

Background: Following the recently published 11th version of the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11), we sought to examine the risk factors and comorbidities associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD). Method: Cross‐sectional and retrospective design. The sample consisted of 1,051 trauma‐exposed participants from a nationally representative panel of the UK adult population. Results: A total of 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.0–6.7%) met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD and 12.9% (95% CI = 10.9–15.0%) for CPTSD. Diagnosis of PTSD was independently associated with being female, being in a relationship, and the recency of traumatic exposure. CPTSD was independently associated with younger age, interpersonal trauma in childhood, and interpersonal trauma in adulthood. Growing up in an urban environment was associated with the diagnosis of PTSD and CPTSD. High rates of physical and mental health comorbidity were observed for PTSD and CPTSD. Those with CPTSD were more likely to endorse symptoms reflecting major depressive disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 21.85, 95 CI = 12.51–38.04) and generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 24.63, 95 CI = 14.77–41.07). Presence of PTSD (OR = 3.13, 95 CI = 1.81–5.41) and CPTSD (OR = 3.43, 95 CI = 2.37–4.70) increased the likelihood of suicidality by more than three times. Nearly half the participants with PTSD and CPTSD reported the presence of a chronic illness. Conclusions: CPTSD is a more common, comorbid, debilitating condition compared to PTSD. Further research is now required to identify effective interventions for its treatment.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Cite as: Karatzias, T, Hyland, P, Bradley, A, et al. Risk factors and comorbidity of ICD‐11 PTSD and complex PTSD: Findings from a trauma‐exposed population based sample of adults in the United Kingdom. Depress Anxiety. 2019; 36: 887– 894. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22934
Keywords:	comorbidities; ICD‐11 CPTSD; ICD‐11 PTSD; risk factors;
Academic Unit:	Faculty of Science and Engineering > Psychology
Item ID:	14101
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22934
Depositing User:	Philip Hyland
Date Deposited:	01 Mar 2021 14:34
Journal or Publication Title:	Depression and Anxiety
Publisher:	Wiley
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	Publisher
Use Licence:	This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

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