Leyden, Rosaria and Velasco-Torrijos, Trinidad and Andre, Sabine and Gouin, Sebastien and Gabius, Hans-Joachim and Murphy, Paul V. (2009) Synthesis of Bivalent Lactosides Based on Terephthalamide, N,N0-Diglucosylterephthalamide, and Glycophane Scaffolds and Assessment of Their Inhibitory Capacity on Medically Relevant Lectins. JOC - Journal of Organic Chemistry, 74 (23). pp. 9010-9026. ISSN 0022-3263

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Abstract

Glycan recognition by lectins initiates clinically relevant processes such as toxin binding or tumor spread. Thus, the development of potent inhibitors has a medical perspective. Toward this goal, we report the synthesis of both rigid and flexible bivalent lactosides on scaffolds that include secondary and tertiary terephthalamides and N,N0-diglucosylterephthalamides. Construction of these compounds involved Schmidt-Michel glycosidation, and amide coupling or Ugi reactions of relevant glycosyl amines in key steps. A glycocluster based on a rigid glycophane was also prepared from coupling of a glucuronic acid derivative and p-xylylenediamine with subsequent ring-closing metathesis. Finally, a more flexible bivalent lactoside was produced from lactosyl azide with use of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Distances between lactose residues were analyzed computationally as were their orientations for the relatively rigid subset of compounds. Distinct spacing properties were revealed by varying the structure of the scaffold or by varying the location of the lactose residue on the scaffold. To relate these features to bioactivity a plant toxin and human adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins were used as sensors in three types of assay, i.e. measuring agglutination of erythrocytes, binding to glycans of a surface-immobilized glycoprotein, or binding to human cells.Methodologically, the common hemeagglutination assaywas found to be considerably less sensitive than both solid-phase and cell assays. The bivalent compounds were less effective at interfering with glycoprotein binding to the plant toxin than to human lectins. Significantly, a constrained compound was identified that displayed selectivity in its inhibitory potency between galectin-3 and its proteolytically processed form. Conversely, compounds with a high degree of flexibility showed notable ability to protect human cells fromplant toxin binding. The applied conjugation chemistry thus is compatiblewith the long-termaim to produce potent and selective lectin inhibitors.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	The definitive version of this article is available at JOC Journal of Organic Chemistry Vol.74(2009) pp.9010-9026. DOI: 10.1021/jo901667r
Keywords:	Synthesis; Bivalent Lactosides; Terephthalamide; N0-Diglucosylterephthalamide; Glycophane Scaffolds; Inhibitory Capacity; Lectins;
Academic Unit:	Faculty of Science and Engineering > Chemistry
Item ID:	3831
Depositing User:	Dr. Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
Date Deposited:	28 Aug 2012 15:06
Journal or Publication Title:	JOC - Journal of Organic Chemistry
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	http://pubs.acs.org/journal/joceah
Use Licence:	This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

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