Moura Mascarin, Gabriel and Guarín-Molina, Juan Humberto and Arthurs, Steven Paul and Humber, Richard Alan and de Andrade Moral, Rafael and Garcia Borges Demétrio, Clarice and Delalibera, Italo (2016) Seasonal prevalence of the insect pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum nymphaeae in Brazilian citrus groves under different chemical pesticide regimes. Fungal Ecology, 22. pp. 43-51. ISSN 1754-5048

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Abstract

Gabriel MouraMascarinaJuan Humberto Guarín-MolinabSteven PaulArthursc Richard AlanHumberdRafael de AndradeMoraleClarice We report an endemic entomopathogenic fungus, known in Brazil as the 'salmão' fungus and identified here as Colletotrichum nymphaeae (Sordariomycetes: Glomerellales), infecting populations of citrus orthezia scale, Praelongorthezia praelonga. The seasonal prevalence of this pathogen in P. praelonga populations was investigated in three commercial citrus groves maintained under different pesticide regimes. Two citrus groves included inundative releases of another insect pathogenic fungus, Lecanicillium longisporum. Natural epizootics were consistently observed, with up to 84% infection rates being recorded during the warm rainy season. Temporal progression of C. nymphaeae-induced disease varied among the three pesticide regimes. Low infection levels from C. nymphaeae were associated with intensive application of broad spectrum pesticides. However, the prevalence of C. nymphaeae followed a density-dependent pattern with insect host abundance, irrespective of the pesticide regime. High proportions of Lecanicillium-infected insects were observed following infection peaks of C. nymphaeae and both fungi together contributed to 95% overall mortality of citrus orthezia during the wet season. Hence, the combined effect of both fungi considerably improves the biological control of citrus orthezia. We also surmise that the host abundance, environmental conditions, and application frequency of chemical pesticides in citrus groves exert a great influence in the seasonal prevalence of C. nymphaeae-induced disease. Altogether, these results suggest that C. nymphaeae is an important pathogen of P. praelonga and indicate that frequent use of synthetic pesticides may delay or reduce fungal epizootics.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Density-dependence; Natural epizootics; Entomopathogenic fungi; Praelongorthezia praelonga; Climatic factors; Conservational biocontrol;
Academic Unit:	Faculty of Science and Engineering > Mathematics and Statistics
Item ID:	9994
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2016.04.005
Depositing User:	Rafael de Andrade Moral
Date Deposited:	24 Sep 2018 14:17
Journal or Publication Title:	Fungal Ecology
Publisher:	Elsevier
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	https://www.sciencedirect.com
Use Licence:	This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

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