Griffin, Bryan D. and Moynagh, Paul N. (2006) Persistent Interleukin-1β Signaling Causes Long Term Activation of NFκB in a Promoter-specific Manner in Human Glial Cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281 (15). pp. 10316-10326. ISSN 0021-9258

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Abstract

Nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) is an inducible transcription factor that plays a key role in regulating the expression of a wide range of immune and inflammatory response genes. The activity of NFκB is controlled at multiple levels, including cytoplasmic retention with inhibitor of κB (IκB) proteins in the basal state. Persistent activation of the transcription factor is seen in numerous chronic inflammatory disease states, and we have previously demonstrated sustained activation of NFκB in human glial cells upon stimulation with interleukin (IL)-1β. In these cells, NFκB retains DNA binding activity for up to 72 h despite the presence of resynthesized IκBα and in the absence of IκBβ. Here we characterized the apparent inability of newly synthesized IκBα to terminate activation of NFκB in glial cells. We showed unexpectedly that newly synthesized IκBα can enter the nucleus, interact with the NFκB subunit p65, and export it to the cytoplasm. However, in vitro analysis of enzyme activity demonstrates that IL-1β causes the long term activation of the IκB kinase complex leading to chronic phosphorylation of the newly synthesized IκBα signal response domain and persistent activation of NFκB. Such sustained activation of NFκB is dependent on the continuous presence and activity of IL-1β. Interestingly, the sustained nature of NFκB activity is promoter type-specific. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that p65 is detected at the promoters of both intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and IL-8 1 h following IL-1β stimulation but is only found at the latter at 24 h. The functional significance of this finding is indicated by the transient induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA, but more sustained induction of IL-8 expression, by IL-1β. These studies thus demonstrated that persistent IL-1 signaling causes sustained activation of NFκB in a promoter-specific manner in human glial cells, leading to prolonged induction of selective pro-inflammatory genes. This is likely to make a key contribution to chronic inflammatory conditions of the brain.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This research was originally published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Griffin, B.D. and Moynagh, P.N. (2006) 'Persistent Interleukin-1b Signaling Causes Long Term Activation of NFkB in a Promoter-specific Manner in Human Glial Cells'. Journal of Biological Chemistsry, 281 :10316-10326
Keywords:	Persistent Interleukin-1β; Signaling; NFκB; Human Glial Cells;
Academic Unit:	Faculty of Science and Engineering > Biology
Item ID:	7202
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M509973200
Depositing User:	Professor Paul Moynagh
Date Deposited:	20 Jul 2016 10:01
Journal or Publication Title:	Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher:	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Refereed:	Yes
Funders:	Health Research Board (HRB), Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
URI:	http://www.jbc.org
Use Licence:	This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

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