Coogan, Andrew and McGowan, Niall M. (2017) A systematic review of circadian function, chronotype and chronotherapy in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 9 (3). pp. 129-147. ISSN 1866-6116

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Abstract

Reports of sleep disturbances in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common in both children and adults; however, the aetiology of such disturbances is poorly understood. One potentially important mechanism which may be implicated in disrupted sleep in ADHD is the circadian clock, a known key regulator of the sleep/wake cycle. In this systematic review, we analyse the evidence for circadian rhythm changes associated with ADHD, as well as assessing evidence for therapeutic approaches involving the circadian clock in ADHD. We identify 62 relevant studies involving a total of 4462 ADHD patients. We find consistent evidence indicating that ADHD is associated with more eveningness/later chronotype and with phase delay of circadian phase markers such as dim light melatonin onset and delayed sleep onset. We find that there is evidence that melatonin treatment may be efficacious in addressing ADHD-related sleep problems, although there are few studies to date addressing other chronotherapeutic approaches in ADHD. There are only a small number of genetic association studies which report linkages between polymorphisms in circadian clock genes and ADHD symptoms. In conclusion, we find that there is consistent evidence for circadian rhythm disruption in ADHD and that such disruption may present a therapeutic target that future ADHD research might concentrate explicitly on.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	Cite as: Coogan, A.N. & McGowan, N.M. ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord (2017) 9: 129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0214-5
Keywords:	ADHD; Circadian Sleep; Melatonin; clock gene;
Academic Unit:	Faculty of Science and Engineering > Psychology Faculty of Science and Engineering > Research Institutes > Human Health Institute
Item ID:	11298
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0214-5
Depositing User:	Dr. Andrew Coogan
Date Deposited:	15 Oct 2019 14:12
Journal or Publication Title:	ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
Publisher:	Springer
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	https://link.springer.com
Use Licence:	This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

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