Rayner, Nick and Auchmann, R. and Bessembinder, Janette and Brönnimann, S. and Brugnara, Yuri and Capponi, Francesco and Carrea, Laura and Dodd, Emma and Ghent, Darren and Good, Elizabeth and Høyer, Jacob and Kennedy, John J. and Kent, Elizabeth and Killick, Rachel and van der Linden, Paul and Lindgren, Finn and Madsen, Kristine and Merchant, Chris and Mitchelson, Joel and Morice, Colin and Ortiz, Patricio and Nielsen-Englyst, Pia and Remedios, J.J. and van der Schrie, Gerard and Squintu, A. and Stephens, Ag and Thorne, Peter and Tonboe, Ramus and Trent, Tim and Veal, Karen and Waterfall, Alison and Winfield, Kate and Winn, Jonathan and Woolway, R. Iestyn (2020) The EUSTACE Project: Delivering Global, Daily Information on Surface Air Temperature. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 101. pp. 1924-1947. ISSN 1520-0477

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Abstract

Day-to-day variations in surface air temperature affect society in many ways, but daily surface air temperature measurements are not available everywhere. Therefore, a global daily picture cannot be achieved with measurements made in situ alone and needs to incorporate estimates from satellite retrievals. This article presents the science developed in the EU Horizon 2020-funded EUSTACE project (2015-19, www.eustaceproject.org ) to produce global and European multidecadal ensembles of daily analyses of surface air temperature complementary to those from dynamical reanalyses, integrating different ground-based and satellite-borne data types. Relationships between surface air temperature measurements and satellite-based estimates of surface skin temperature over all surfaces of Earth (land, ocean, ice, and lakes) are quantified. Information contained in the satellite retrievals then helps to estimate air temperature and create global fields in the past, using statistical models of how surface air temperature varies in a connected way from place to place; this needs efficient statistical analysis methods to cope with the considerable data volumes. Daily fields are presented as ensembles to enable propagation of uncertainties through applications. Estimated temperatures and their uncertainties are evaluated against independent measurements and other surface temperature datasets. Achievements in the EUSTACE project have also included fundamental preparatory work useful to others, for example, gathering user requirements, identifying inhomogeneities in daily surface air temperature measurement series from weather stations, carefully quantifying uncertainties in satellite skin and air temperature estimates, exploring the interaction between air temperature and lakes, developing statistical models relevant to non-Gaussian variables, and methods for efficient computation.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Climate data; homogenization; interp;olation; trends; series; shifts; skin;
Academic Unit:	Faculty of Social Sciences > Geography Faculty of Social Sciences > Research Institutes > Irish Climate Analysis and Research Units, ICARUS
Item ID:	13947
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0095.1
Depositing User:	Peter Thorne
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2021 13:06
Journal or Publication Title:	Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Publisher:	American Meteorological Society
Refereed:	No
URI:	Publisher
Use Licence:	This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

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