Clark, Chris D. and Ely, Jeremy C. and Hindmarsh, Richard C. A. and Bradley, Sarah and Ignéczi, Adam and Fabel, Derek and Ó Cofaigh, Colm and Chiverrell, Richard C. and Scourse, James and Benetti, Sara and Bradwell, Tom and Evans, David J. A. and Roberts, David H. and Burke, Matt and Callard, S. Louise and Medialdea, Alicia and Saher, Margot and Small, David and Smedley, Rachel K. and Gasson, Edward and Gregoire, Lauren and Gandy, Niall and Hughes, Anna L. C. and Ballantyne, Colin and Bateman, Mark D. and Bigg, Grant R. and Doole, Jenny and Dove, Dayton and Duller, Geoff A. T. and Jenkins, Geraint T. H. and Livingstone, Stephen L. and McCarron, Stephen and Moreton, Steve and Pollard, David and Praeg, Daniel and Sejrup, Hans Petter and Van Landeghem, Katrien J. J. and Wilson, Peter (2022) Growth and retreat of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet, 31 000 to 15 000 years ago: the BRITICE‐CHRONO reconstruction. Boreas, 51 (4). pp. 699-758. ISSN 0300-9483

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Abstract

The BRITICE-CHRONO consortium of researchers undertook a dating programme to constrain the timing of advance, maximum extent and retreat of the British–Irish Ice Sheet between 31 000 and 15 000 years before present. The dating campaign across Ireland and Britain and their continental shelves, and across the North Sea included 1500 days of field investigation yielding 18 000 km of marine geophysical data, 377 cores of sea floor sediments, and geomorphological and stratigraphical information at 121 sites on land; generating 690 new geochronometric ages. These findings are reported in 28 publications including synthesis into eight transect reconstructions. Here we build ice sheet-wide reconstructions consistent with these findings and using retreat patterns and dates for the inter-transect areas. Two reconstructions are presented, a wholly empirical version and a version that combines modelling with the new empirical evidence. Palaeoglaciological maps of ice extent, thickness, velocity, and flow geometry at thousand- year timesteps are presented. The maximum ice volume of 1.8 m sea level equivalent occurred at 23 ka. A larger extent than previously defined is found and widespread advance of ice to the continental shelf break is confirmed during the last glacial. Asynchrony occurred in the timing of maximum extent and onset of retreat, ranging from 30 to 22 ka. The tipping point of deglaciation at 22 ka was triggered by ice stream retreat and saddle collapses. Analysis of retreat rates leads us to accept our hypothesis that the marine-influenced sectors collapsed rapidly. First order controls on ice-sheet demise were glacio-isostatic loading triggering retreat of marine sectors, aided by glaciological instabilities and then climate warming finished off the smaller, terrestrial ice sheet. Overprinted on this signal were second order controls arising from variations in trough topographies and with sector-scale ice geometric readjustments arising from dispositions in the geography of the landscape. These second order controls produced a stepped deglaciation. The retreat of the British–Irish Ice Sheet is now the world’s most well-constrained and avaluable data-rich environment for improving ice-sheet modelling.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Growth and retreat; last British–Irish Ice Sheet; 31 000 to 15 000 years ago; BRITICE‐CHRONO reconstruction;
Academic Unit:	Faculty of Social Sciences > Geography
Item ID:	16632
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12594
Depositing User:	Dr. Stephen McCarron
Date Deposited:	18 Oct 2022 11:24
Journal or Publication Title:	Boreas
Publisher:	Wiley
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	Publisher
Use Licence:	This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

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