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Mallar and Chang, Kiki D. and Ching, Christopher R. K. and Christoforou, Andrea and Cichon, Sven and Clark, Vincent P. and Conrod, Patricia and Coppola, Giovanni and Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto and Curran, Joanne E. and Czisch, Michael and Deary, Ian J. and de Geus, Eco J. 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Charles and Schür, Remmelt and Seidman, Larry and Shen, Li and Shoemaker, Jody M. and Simmons, Andrew and Sisodiya, Sanjay M. and Smith, Colin and Smoller, Jordan W. and Soares, Jair C. and Sponheim, Scott R. and Sprooten, Emma and Starr, John M. and Steen, Vidar M. and Strakowski, Stephen and Strike, Lachlan and Sussmann, Jessika and Sämann, Philipp G. and Teumer, Alexander and Toga, Arthur W. and Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana and Trabzuni, Daniah and Trost, Sarah and Turner, Jessica and Van den Heuvel, Martijn and van der Wee, Nic J. and van Eijk, Kristel and van Erp, Theo G. M. and van Haren, Neeltje E. M. and van ‘t Ent, Dennis and van Tol, Marie-Jose and Valdés Hernández, Maria C. and Veltman, Dick J. and Versace, Amelia and Völzke, Henry and Walker, Robert and Walter, Henrik and Wang, Lei and Wardlaw, Joanna M. and Weale, Michael E. and Weiner, Michael W. and Wen, Wei and Westlye, Lars T. and Whalley, Heather C. and Whelan, Christopher D. and White, Tonya and Winkler, Anderson M. and Wittfeld, Katharina and Woldehawariat, Girma and Wolf, Christiane and Zilles, David and Zwiers, Marcel P. and Thalamuthu, Anbupalam and Schofield, Peter R. and Freimer, Nelson B. and Lawrence, Natalia S. and Drevets, Wayne
(2014)
The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data.
Brain Imaging and Behavior, 8 (2).
pp. 153-182.
ISSN 1931-7557
Abstract
The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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