Curtis, Aisling (2017) Using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) to explore implicit versus self-report attitudes toward bullying with students at post-primary and university levels. PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth.
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Abstract
The current research sought to develop the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure
(IRAP) as a measure of bullying attitudes amongst Secondary School and University
Students in South East Ireland. The research assessed whether IRAP performance differed
between University and Secondary School Students; and investigated the impact of picture
versus word stimuli on IRAP performance. It also examined whether an educational
intervention video affected participant responding on implicit measures by presenting the
IRAP at pre and post-intervention. Explicit measures were presented at pre-intervention only
and compared across studies. Implicit measures were presented at pre and post-intervention
and compared across groups, gender, and IRAP stimuli (words versus pictures). In Study 1,
30 University Students and 30 Secondary School Students were exposed to (i) a word-based
IRAP designed to assess attitudes towards toxic (e.g. Just go die/Rot in hell) and innocuous
phrases (Go on ya fool/Don’t be daft) pertaining to bullying; (ii) explicit measures including
the Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire (BPQ), the Revised Pro-Victim Scale (RPV-S), the
Bullying Attitudes Questionnaire Modified (BAQ-MM) and the Cyberbullying Survey (CS)
and (iii) an educational intervention video about the negative and lasting effects of bullying.
IRAP trial-type analysis for Study 1 revealed statistically significant effects on the Toxic-
Abusive and Innocuous-Harmless trial-types. Results revealed no statistically significant
differences between data for groups, gender, or between pre and post-intervention responses
on the IRAP. Using Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, statistically significant
correlations were found between the Pro-Social subscale of the BPQ and Toxic-Harmless and
Innocuous-Abusive IRAP trial types. In Study 2, 30 University Students were exposed to a
picture-based IRAP with images pertaining to cyberbullying and the same intervention and
explicit measures as in Study 1. Again, participants were exposed to the explicit measures at
pre-intervention, and to the IRAP at pre and post-intervention. Trial-type analysis for Study 2
revealed statistically significant effects on the Toxic-Abusive and Innocuous-Harmless trialtypes.
Results revealed no statistically significant differences between participants’ pre and
post-intervention scores on the IRAP or explicit measures; and no correlations between
implicit and explicit measures. Further analysis using a 2x2x4 mixed repeated measures
ANOVA found no statistically significant differences between University Students’
responses on a word-based IRAP in Study 1 versus a picture-based IRAP in Study 2. Overall,
participant responding on the IRAP showed a statistically significant effect for the Toxic-
Abusive and Innocuous-Harmless trial-types. Findings are discussed with reference to the
research literature.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
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Additional Information: | Thesis presented in part-fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctorate in Psychological Science (Behaviour Analysis and Therapy) |
Keywords: | Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure; IRAP; implicit versus self-report attitudes; bullying; students; post-primary; university; |
Academic Unit: | Faculty of Science and Engineering > Psychology |
Item ID: | 8746 |
Depositing User: | IR eTheses |
Date Deposited: | 06 Sep 2017 11:12 |
URI: | https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/8746 |
Use Licence: | This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here |
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