This special issue of the Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly aims to uncover and examine the many layers of the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, as reformed by the Windsor Framework, focusing specifically on governance, fundamental rights and movement of people. It is the product of a workshop held in June 2023 at Maynooth University to mark the launch of the Maynooth Centre for European Law.1 While significant literature existed on some core aspects of the original Protocol, gaps remained and the ongoing political and legal developments necessitated a renewed analysis. This was exemplified by the Windsor Framework, which was adopted only three months before the workshop was held, and the restoration of Northern Ireland’s Executive in February 2024 while the articles herein were being finalised.