Exporting can benefit firms and economies, but it is not easy. Some of the factors which are necessary for successful exporting, most particularly an understanding of overseas cultures and competence in foreign languages, are examined. This study seeks to understand the extent to which major Northern Ireland exporters use foreign languages when doing business and their attitudes towards communicating in foreign languages. Their appreciation of cultural norms in the countries with which they have contacts is also discussed. Many Northern Ireland exporters believe that a knowledge of foreign languages and culture is important for exporting success. However, in reality foreign languages are not used to any significant extent to explore markets or truly understand behavioral norms overseas. Furthermore, training in foreign language skills and an awareness of cultural norms are not given a high priority.