McCormack, Adam T. and Stephens, John C. (2026) Continuous Flow Synthesis of DABCYL Azo Fluorescent Quenchers. Organic Process Research & Development, 30. pp. 1503-1513. ISSN 1083-6160
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Abstract
A robust and inherently safer continuous flow process has been developed for the synthesis of DABCYL azo
fluorescent quenchers. The conventional diazotization azo coupling sequence was successfully translated from hazardous batch
conditions to a controlled multistep flow process, enabling the in situ generation and immediate consumption of reactive diazonium
intermediates. Systematic optimization of temperature and residence time afforded yields up to 84% and throughputs of 17 g h
−1
Supporting Information
in
single-step operation. The integrated two-step continuous system delivered DABCYL 3a in up to 84% yield with a throughput
exceeding 65 g h
−1
and excellent reproducibility. All DABCYL derivatives exhibited broad visible absorption (418−532 nm) and
high molar extinction coefficients (2.4−3.3 × 10
4
M
−1
cm
−1
), confirming their suitability as dark quenchers. The process
demonstrates enhanced safety and throughput, providing a practical foundation for the potential development of industrial-scale
manufacture of specialty DABCYL reagents and related azo compounds.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Keywords: | continuous flow chemistry; process intensification; azo coupling; diazotization; DABCYL; fluorescent quenchers; |
| Academic Unit: | Faculty of Science & Engineering > Chemistry Faculty of Science & Engineering > Research Institutes > Human Health Institute |
| Item ID: | 22018 |
| Identification Number: | 10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00461 |
| Depositing User: | Dr John Stephens |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Nov 2026 15:13 |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Organic Process Research & Development |
| Publisher: | American Chemical Society Publications |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Related URLs: | |
| Use Licence: | This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here |
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