White, P. J. (2012) Designer as Ethnographer: A Study of Domestic Cooking and Heating Product Design for Irish Older Adults. PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth.
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Abstract
In many ways, the design of domestic cooking and heating products reflects the
zeitgeist of Irish culture throughout the 20th and into the 21st century. From
domesticity to materialism, these products have evolved to meet fundamental human
needs within the home. Concurrent with this, the methods and processes designers
use to create domestic artefacts have evolved and changed. The emergence of Design
Ethnography illustrates an evolution where Design has appropriated an established
method of Anthropology for its own particular objectives. However, the integrity of
the ethnography practised by designers has been criticised by many, e.g. Dourish
questions whether it creates forms of “discount ethnography” (2006, p.548). The
designer ethnographer has different objectives to the anthropologist and the
particular principles, methods, and understanding of design ethnography have not
been fully elucidated for use by professional designers. Bichard and Gheerawo
observe “…if anthropologists and ethnographers appear to be becoming designers as
such, then perhaps designers should allow themselves to reflect on their ‘field’ and
‘work’ more as anthropologists and ethnographers”(2011, p.55). The identification
and construction of a design ethnography, epistemology, and methodology that is
distinct from, while respectful of that of anthropology, is required.
Design ethnography has been heralded for its ability to investigate future complex
issues for humanity, and to produce powerful, democratising, and radical effects
(Plowman, 2003). Meeting the demands of a growing older population will be one of
these future complexities. Ireland is rapidly becoming an ageing society with its
population living longer in ill health (McGill, 2010). 89% of older Irish people
would prefer to live at home rather than in institutional care (McGee et al., 2005).
Therefore developing healthy environments in which they grow old must be a
priority. Particular attention must be given to the design of domestic products that
provide older people with basic daily requirements. Domestic cooking and heating
products offer basic health and wellbeing needs in the form of nutrition and heat.
Prior to designing these products a deep understanding of older people’s needs must
be determined. To achieve this, empathy and sensitivity are essential (Newell et al.,
2010). Comprehensive field studies such as ethnographies are important in gaining
understanding and eliciting true user insights (Seidel, 2009, Newell et al., 2010)
This thesis contributes to two domains. Firstly, it identifies and develops an
understanding of the essence of design ethnography, and a process by which
designers can harness ethnographic methods for the purposes of design practice.
Secondly, it provides an example of a designer ethnographic approach to product
design for older people, producing insights and product design requirements for
cooking and heating products. The research involved design ethnographic fieldwork
over twelve months within the homes of forty older adult participants across Ireland
and from various socio-economic groups. Personas, design requirements, and
concepts were produced, which allowed the researcher to reflect on the role of design
ethnographer and inform future practice. Insights into product requirement were
deep and far reaching, revealing important and diverse health and wellbeing needs to
be addressed for older people in domestic products. A methods and process
framework is formulated for conducting future design ethnography, from fieldwork
and data analysis to design practice.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
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Keywords: | Designer; Ethnographer; Domestic Cooking; Heating Product; Irish Older Adults; |
Academic Unit: | Faculty of Social Sciences > School of Business |
Item ID: | 4740 |
Depositing User: | IR eTheses |
Date Deposited: | 29 Jan 2014 15:05 |
URI: | https://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/id/eprint/4740 |
Use Licence: | This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here |
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