Hyland, Philip and Karatzias, Thanos and Shevlin, Mark and McElroy, Eoin and Ben-Ezra, Menachem and Cloitre, Marylene and Brewin, Chris R. (2020) Does requiring trauma exposure affect rates of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD? Implications for DSM–5. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13 (2174). pp. 133-141. ISSN 1942-9681

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Abstract

Objective: There is little evidence that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more likely to follow traumatic events defined by Criterion A than non–Criterion A stressors. Criterion A events might have greater predictive validity for International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 PTSD, which is a condition more narrowly defined by core features. We evaluated the impact of using Criterion A, an expanded trauma definition in line with ICD-11 guidelines, and no exposure criterion on rates of ICD-11 PTSD and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). We also assessed whether 5 psychologically threatening events included in the expanded definition were as strongly associated with PTSD and CPTSD as standard Criterion A events. Method: A nationally representative sample from Ireland (N = 1,020) completed self-report measures. Results: Most participants were trauma-exposed based on Criterion A (82%) and the expanded (88%) criterion. When no exposure criterion was used, 13.7% met diagnostic requirements for PTSD or CPTSD, 13.2% when the expanded criterion was used, and 13.2% when Criterion A was used. The 5 psychologically threatening events were as strongly associated with PTSD and CPTSD as the Criterion A events. In a multivariate analysis, only the psychologically threatening events were significantly associated with PTSD (stalking) and CPTSD (bullying, emotional abuse, and neglect). Conclusions: Certain non–Criterion A events involving extreme fear and horror should be considered traumatic. The ICD-11 approach of providing clinical guidance rather than a formal definition offers a viable solution to some of the problems associated with the current and previous attempts to define traumatic exposure.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information:	This is the pre-print version of the published article, which is available at: Hyland, P., Karatzias, T., Shevlin, M., McElroy, E., Ben-Ezra, M., Cloitre, M., & Brewin, C. R. (2021). Does requiring trauma exposure affect rates of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD? Implications for DSM–5. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000908
Keywords:	posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD; traumatic events; Criterion A; non–Criterion A stressors; International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 PTSD;
Academic Unit:	Assisting Living & Learning,ALL institute Faculty of Science and Engineering > Psychology
Item ID:	15131
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000908
Depositing User:	Philip Hyland
Date Deposited:	15 Dec 2021 15:01
Journal or Publication Title:	Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
Publisher:	American Psychological Association
Refereed:	No
URI:	Publisher
Use Licence:	This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

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