Clarke, Joy and McGuinness, Brian and Fitzpatrick, David and Kavanagh, Kevin and Grogan, Helen (2024) Response of the mushroom pathogen Cladobotryum mycophilum to the fungicides prochloraz and metrafenone and two Bacillus-based biological control agents in mushroom crop trials. Crop Protection, 177. p. 106530. ISSN 0261-2194

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Abstract

Cobweb disease caused by members of the Cladobotryum genus is a major problem for growers of the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Synthetic fungicides such as prochloraz and metrafenone have been very successful at targeting and eliminating the pathogens that cause mushroom disease. However, prochloraz can no longer be used in the European Union (EU) from June 2023 and over-reliance on metrafenone has resulted in putative resistant pathogenic strains emerging. Prochloraz still showed good control of two different isolates of Cladobotryum mycophilum with efficacy values consistently reaching 70%. Metrafenone inhibited the growth of C. mycophilum isolate 618, which was isolated before metrafenone was introduced (efficacy 96%), but it failed to control C. mycophilum 1546, which was isolated after metrafenone was introduced, and which should now be classified as resistant. Two further C. mycophilum isolates from mushroom farms in 2019 also showed metrafenone resistance in vitro. In this work two biological control agents (BCAs) were investigated as potential environmentally sustainable alternatives to the fungicides prochloraz and metrafenone. The BCA Bacillus velezensis QST 713 was unsuccessful in controlling cobweb disease caused by C. mycophilum isolate 1546 while the BCA Bacillus velezensis Kos showed moderate control over two trials reaching 30–40% efficacy. Lower inoculum concentrations resulted in slightly lower but not significantly different disease levels across all treatments. Future trials with BCAs need to look at alternative methods to evaluate efficacy.

Item Type:	Article
Keywords:	Agaricus bisporus; Cobweb disease; Biocontrol; Bacillus velezensis; fungicide resistance;
Academic Unit:	Faculty of Science and Engineering > Biology Faculty of Science and Engineering > Research Institutes > Human Health Institute
Item ID:	18971
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2023.106530
Depositing User:	David Fitzpatrick
Date Deposited:	03 Oct 2024 11:57
Journal or Publication Title:	Crop Protection
Publisher:	Elsevier Ltd
Refereed:	Yes
URI:	Publisher
Use Licence:	This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

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