Zhouxiang, Lu
(2023)
The Birth and Development of Sports Video Games From the 1950s to the Early 1980s.
Sport History Review, 54 (2).
pp. 200-224.
ISSN 1087-1659
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the origins and early development of sports
video games. The first generation of sports video games were developed by
scientists in laboratories for academic purposes. Together with the rise of
microcomputers and the widespread adoption of television (TV) sets, commercial
video games began to emerge in the early 1970s. Like their laboratory predecessors, most of the first-generation commercial games were sports-themed and
primarily designed as a platform for competition between players. In the second
half of the 1970s, ball-and-paddle-based games began to be replaced by more
sophisticated games adopting the rules and actions of real-life sports. By the late
1970s and early 1980s, intense competition between video game companies gave
birth to many innovative titles, with various sports disciplines adapted into games.
Most of the sports games created in this period were based on competitive sports
including American football, basketball, baseball, soccer, and tennis, as well as
recreational sports like bowling, pool, and darts, many of them long popular in
Western Europe and North America, some with a huge fan base in Japan. They
were clearly produced to cater to the needs of gamers and sports fans in the
world’s three major TV, personal computer, video game, and sports markets at the
time.
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