Over representation of ethnic minorities within criminal justice systems prisons; statistics have been researched by many academics, however ‘Indigenous Ethnic Minority’ research regarding imprisonment rates and states reactions to these rates has been less researched and invested in. This thesis aims to draw upon existing research and imperial evidence to comment on New Zealand and Ireland’s state's reaction to the over representation of their indigenous ethnic minorities within their respected countries prison. Objectives of this research was to draw; 1. a background of each Indigenous ethnic minority whilst explaining the terms used throughout such as Ethnicity. 2. Comment on the theories and pillars believed to be leading causes of these divisions in society and lastly 3. Shine a light on Ireland’s lack of advancements regarding its protections of Irish Travellers compared to other states with similar indigenous minority community population such as New Zealand and comment on what needs to be improved upon to change this. Using a comparative approach of existing research both peer reviewed and blank this thesis discovered that Ireland is vastly behind in its attempt to protect and advocate for the Irish Travelling community when it comes to their continual miss- treatment within the criminal justice system, although New Zealand is not a shining example of what other states should do it is however an example of the investment that needs to occur by states into their indigenous minority communities to begin this change. This thesis draws both comparisons and differences of the two communities and delves into the possible reasoning behind said community’s mistreatment within the criminal justice system using theories and economic factors.