MURAL - Maynooth University Research Archive Library



    SynthLLM: An LLM-based Scalable Synthetic Data Generation Pipeline for Low-Resource Languages


    Panahi, Solmaz, Kelleher, John D. and Nedumpozhimana, Vasudevan (2026) SynthLLM: An LLM-based Scalable Synthetic Data Generation Pipeline for Low-Resource Languages. In: LREC 2026, 11-16 May 2026, Spain.

    Abstract

    Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled scalable synthetic data generation, yet their effective adaptation to low-resource languages remains underexplored. We introduce an LLM-based generate and annotate paradigm to create synthetic datasets for low-resource NLP classification tasks. The framework employs a smaller model for text generation and a stronger model for automatic annotation. Using Farsi Natural Language Inference (NLI) as a case study, we construct a large-scale synthetic dataset of 100,000 labeled instances. We provide a systematic empirical analysis of annotation quality, label-distribution effects, and training regimes. We compare GPT-4o-mini, Aya-23-35B, and DeBERTa as annotators and examine how annotation variability propagates to downstream performance. Our results show that a warm-up phase with synthetic data consistently outperforms data mixing and reversed ordering. Notably, open-source annotation (Aya-23-35B) achieves comparable downstream performance to the proprietary model (GPT-4o-mini), with significant cost implications for deploying pipelines in low-resource settings.
    Item Type: Conference or Workshop Item (Paper)
    Keywords: Synthetic data; LLM-as-annotator; Low-resource;
    Academic Unit: Faculty of Science and Engineering > Research Institutes > Hamilton Institute
    Item ID: 21336
    Depositing User: IR Editor
    Date Deposited: 23 Mar 2026 11:55
    Refereed: Yes
    Related URLs:
    Use Licence: This item is available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Licence (CC BY-NC-SA). Details of this licence are available here

    Downloads

    Downloads per month over past year

    Origin of downloads

    Repository Staff Only (login required)

    Item control page
    Item control page