The Hungarian composer Bela Bartok (1881-1945), unquestionably the twentieth-century’s most authoritative collector and analyst of Eastern European, Asian and Balkan folk music, composed the Concerto for Orchestra (1943) near the end of his career.1 His output was consistently marked by a stylistic synthesis of Western art music and the folk music of Eastern Europe, along with techniques of his own invention, often incorporating musical geometry. He also turned to styles such as neo-Classicism (or more specifically, neo-Baroque) and Primitivism, which, in common with Stravinsky, he explored along with the compositional technique of bitonality. Bartok pioneered the technique of polymodal chromaticism, using diverse modes derived from art music and folk music simultaneously. His use of dissonance never extended to atonality, as his chromatic compositions retained a fundamental pitch, and from the 1930s his compositional style became more tonal.